This patch adds support to solve norm equations via Pari.
Quick summary: given an element x of any number field (even QQ), x.is_norm(L) will return False if x is not a norm from L, and if x is a norm from L, will return an element of L whose norm is x.
According to the Pari documentation, these functions depend on GRH when L/K is not known to be Galois, and work independent of any such hypothesis otherwise (at least, that's what I got from reading the Pari manual).
The data used by Pari to compute whether or not an element is a norm can be computed once for each extension L/K. The function pari_rnfnorm_data computes exactly this, and its result can be passed to is_norm to avoid recomputing it each time in the case that K != QQ. If K is QQ, there is no need to save any such data -- the only data needed is that of K.pari_bnf(), which is used instead, and is already cached by K.